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1. CLASSICISM
And neoclassicism derived from it.
When?
Born in the 16th century. The founder is considered to be the Italian architect Andrea Palladio. The peak was in 1750-1830.
Where can be found?
European countries, Russia, USA.
Main types of buildings
City and country palace.
Style Features
The classicism style is characterized by clear three-dimensional forms, totality, lack of lush decor, vastness, columns and marble in the decoration. This style is strict and simple, but at the same time elegant and elegant, which is manifested both in the external and internal decoration.
Examples
- Hermitage palace in St. Petersburg
- Pashkov House in Moscow
- Pantheon in Paris
- National Library Cyril and Methodius in Sofia.
A striking representative of socialist (Stalinist) neoclassicism in Bulgaria is the building of the former
House of the Party, now used as the administrative premises of the National Assembly of Bulgaria.
2. AMPIR
Late high classicism.
When?
Appeared in France in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. during the reign of Napoleon.
Where can be found?
Europe, Russia, USA
Main types of buildings
Best representatives of this style are the Triumphal arches in different countries.
Style Features
Luxury, molded cornices, columns, pilasters, massiveness. Sphinxes, griffins in the decor, an
introduction to the lining of gold and multi-colored stone.
Examples
- Arc de Triomphe in Paris
- Mikhailovsky Palace in St. Petersburg
- Manege on Red Square in Moscow.
3. BAROQUE
And the neo-baroque style derived from it.
When?
It originates in Italy in the 17th century, later covering all types of arts.
Where can be found?
The countries of Europe, as well as their colonies in the New World.
Main types of buildings
Church, monastery complex, palace and park ensemble with pavilions, town squarе ensemble.
Style Features
A large amount of stucco, curved or concave facade surfaces, and magnificent sculptural decor, thanks to which churches and palaces acquire grandeur and splendor.
Examples
- Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome
- Winter Palace in St. Petersburg
- Revenue house in the Bulgarian city of Ruse
- Syrmadzhiev's house, as well as the Revenue house in Ruse, are classical representatives of the neo-baroque style.
4. ROCOCO
The Rococo style is a logical continuation of the Baroque style.
When?
Originated in France in the first half of the 18th century.
Where can be found?
France and other European countries
Main types of buildings
Mostly interior decoration, and residential architecture - many Russian and European palaces.
Style Features
The Rococo style became a reflection of the secular culture of the royal court. Its feature is sophistication, curls, ornaments, shells, angels, gilding, and the absence of straight lines. Pastel colors prevail in the color scheme.
Examples
- Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam
- Chinese Palace in Oranienbaum
- Ekaterininsky Palace in St. Petersburg
- Charlottenburg Palace
5. GOTHIC
Neo-Gothic style derived from it.
When?
This style appeared in the 13th-15th centuries in Europe.
Where can be found?
Western and Central Europe.
Main types of buildings
Palaces of nobility in Venice, residences of monarchs in England, and large city cathedrals.
Style Features
Gothic is characterized by a peculiar style, the characteristic features of which are high towers, stained-glass windows, lancet arches, and rose windows. An interesting feature is the absence of a load-bearing wall during construction. The stability of the building is ensured by the frame, the foundations of which pass into the arches of the vaults and the system of external supports.
Examples
- Reims Cathedral in France
- Lincoln Cathedral
- Neo-Gothic is represented by the Palace of Westminster
6. ART DECO
The style takes its name from the International Exhibition of Decorative Arts and Industry.
classicism
Paris, the first half of the 20th century.
Where can be found?
Countries of Western and Central Europe, China, Japan, and Australia.
Main types of buildings
First of all, this is the style of large high-rise buildings. In addition, these are residential interiors, business and public buildings, country villas, skyscrapers.
Style Features
Bold forms, symmetry of facades, use of glass, metal, smooth stone, brick, steel, aluminum, and bright colors in decoration. Rectangular shapes are separated by curved decorative elements. Style is chic
Examples
- Empire State Building in New York
- Mausoleum of V.I.Lenin on Red Square in Moscow.
7. MODERN
Each country has its own name, for example, in the USA - Tiffany, and in Austria - secession.
When?
Appeared in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century in Europe.
Where can be found?
Can be found throughout the whole world.
Main types of buildings
Buildings of various purposes.
Style Features
Modern style is characterized by the rejection of traditional forms and lines and the use of new technologies. One of the founders of the style is Victor Horta, who embodied his idea in the Tassel mansion. The main materials used are metal and glass. It is characterized by decorativeness, smooth lines, asymmetry, and the absence of unnecessary details. Forms are close to natural, flexible.
Examples
- Chateau Beranger in Paris
- Palace of Catalan Music in Barcelona
- Buildings by architect Antoni Gaudí, including the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona
- House with chimeras (Gorodetsky's house) in Kyiv.
8. DECONSTRUCTIVISM
When?
The style originated in the 80s of the 20th century thanks to the French philosopher, theorist, and thinker Jacques Derrida.
Main types of buildings
Residential, industrial, business, and public buildings.
Style Features
The architecture of deconstructivism was made possible by the use of software developed in the aerospace industry. Distinctive features of the style are broken lines, sharp corners, and a mismatch of proportions.
The architecture in this style is very unusual and presented in the most incredible forms. Working in this style of architecture deliberately juxtaposes elements that seem contradictory to each other.
Examples
- Guggenheim Museum in Paris
- Hotel Porta Fira in Barcelona
- Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto
- Dancing house in Prague
- Multifunctional exhibition center "BMW World" in Munich.
9. HI-TECH
When?
Appeared in the UK in the 70s of the 20th century and has been widely used throughout the world since the 80s.
Main types of buildings
Public, office, commercial buildings, and skyscrapers. Buildings of some airports, museums, and cultural centers. Residential houses.
Style Features
The high-tech style is very popular. It is characterized by simple lines, geometric shapes, clean flat surfaces without decor, and minimalism. Glass, and metal are used; in color white and silver.
Examples
- Foundation Louis Vuitton building in France
- Center Pompidou in Paris
- Skyscraper Mercury Moscow City, in Moscow
- Palace of Arts in Valencia
- Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong
10. POSTMODERNISM
When?
From the middle of the 20th century to the present, it has been ubiquitous.
Main types of buildings
Many elements of urban development.
Style Features
Architects combine and mix different architectural styles and trends. In construction, the most modern materials are used - concrete, glass, plastic, metal; all kinds of decor. Colors range from neutral to bright colors. For postmodern architects, the harmonious integration of the building into the natural and artificial environment is of considerable importance, taking into account the features of the urban environment during construction.
Examples
- Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles
- Presidium of the Academy of Sciences in Moscow
- Showroom M2 for Mazda in Tokyo.